Pheochromocytoma

Abstract

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that secretes catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, and/or dopamine), usually located in the adrenal glands (80%), and its main treatment is adrenalectomy. For anesthetic management, it is essential to attenuate the sympathetic response to decrease hemodynamic instability and other cardiovascular complications. Preoperatively, patients require specific antihypertensive treatment with alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, and volume expansion. The surgery is divided into two phases: the first involves tumor dissection and isolation of the venous effluent, characterized by hypertensive crises and arrhythmias; the second, after clamping, is marked by severe arterial hypotension. Postoperative care should be 24-48 hours for hemodynamic and other cardiovascular disorders.