Cerebral edema and management of intracranial pressure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30445/rear.v15i7.1153Keywords:
Cerebral edema, intracranial hypertension, brain compression, neurocritical careAbstract
Cerebral edema is one of the causes of increased intracranial pressure, an entity with negative outcome that is frequently observed in critical care units and that requires early treatment. The goal of managing this phenomenon is to maintain normal intracranial pressure (<22mmHg) in order to guarantee correct cerebral perfusion pressure and reduce secondary injuries.
The purpose of this article is to review the pathophysiology of cerebral edema and its role in increasing intracranial pressure to address possible measures that can be taken in critical care units. For its realization, a non-systematic review of the works published in the Pubmed database between 2012 and April 2022 has been carried out using as keywords "cerebral edema", "intracranial hypertension", "brain compression", "neurocritical care".
It is important to understand the pathophysiology underlying this manifestation because the main general measures used, such as mechanical ventilation, optimization of blood pressure, body position, glycemic and temperature control are based on physiological principles. Finally, surgical measures are perhaps the most effective in reducing intracranial pressure, eliminating the cause of cranial hypertension or modifying cerebral compliance.
It is very important to monitor all patients who may develop cranial hypertension and act early, individualizing the treatment.
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